Here we add special handling for sending an error response when the write timeout of the
HTTP server is just about to expire. This is surprisingly difficult to get right, since is
must be ensured that all output is fully flushed in time, which needs support from
multiple levels of the RPC handler stack:

The timeout response can't use chunked transfer-encoding because there is no way to write
the final terminating chunk. net/http writes it when the topmost handler returns, but the
timeout will already be over by the time that happens. We decided to disable chunked
encoding by setting content-length explicitly.

Gzip compression must also be disabled for timeout responses because we don't know the
true content-length before compressing all output, i.e. compression would reintroduce
chunked transfer-encoding.

The new flag allows configuring an explicit endpoint which is to be
announced in the DHT. This feature was originally developed for the
discv5 wormhole experiment (#25798), but it's useful in other contexts
as well.

This adds stateRoot as a field in the JSON output.

This removes the 'time' field from logs, as well as from the tracer interface. This change makes the trace output deterministic.  If a tracer needs the time they can measure it themselves. No need for evm to do this.
Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <itz.s1na@gmail.com>

This changes the Pop method to assign the zero value before
reducing slice size. Doing so ensures the backing array does not
reference removed item values.

This PR drops the legacy receipt types, the freezer-migrate command and the startup check. The previous attempt #22852 at this failed because there were users who still had legacy receipts in their db, so it had to be reverted #23247. Since then we added a command to migrate legacy dbs #24028.

As of the last hardforks all users either must have done the migration, or used the --ignore-legacy-receipts flag which will stop working now.

This option is occasionally useful for advanced uses of the discv5 protocol.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR introduces a node scheme abstraction. The interface is only implemented by `hashScheme` at the moment, but will be extended by `pathScheme` very soon.

Apart from that, a few changes are also included which is worth mentioning:

-  port the changes in the stacktrie, tracking the path prefix of nodes during commit
-  use ethdb.Database for constructing trie.Database. This is not necessary right now, but it is required for path-based used to open reverse diff freezer

Fixes regression in #26266.

Fixes a regression from #26265, which made it so that the call only worked if all three parameters were provided.

tests: update evm-benchmarks

refactoring without logic change

web3.js's eth_call which we were defaulting to doesn't have the stateOverrides parameter, so this param wasn't working in the console.

This is to cater for more node providers.

This PR should makes it easier to sign EIP-712 typed data via the accounts.Wallet API, by using the mimetype for typed data. 
Co-authored-by: nasdf <keenan.nemetz@gmail.com>

* core/rawdb: fix freezer validation

* core/rawdb: address comment

While investigating #22374, I noticed that the Sync operation of the
freezer does not take the table lock. It also doesn't call sync for all files
if there is an error with one of them. I doubt this will fix anything, but
didn't want to drop the fix on the floor either.

Implements EIP-3651, "Warm Coinbase", for Shanghai hardfork. Specification: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3651. 

This change logs the path checked when encountering low disk space.

This makes a couple of sometimes-failing tests less brittle.

This prevents DoS when connected to a malicious ethstats server.

This removes an RPC test which takes > 90s to execute, and updates the
internal/guide tests to use lighter scrypt parameters.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR improves and extends the tests a bit

Use noopTracer as a base for other native tracers to avoid extra boilerplate for unimplemented hooks.

This adds a way to specify HTTP headers per request.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Implements TSTORE and TLOAD as specified by the following EIP:

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1153
https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-1153-transient-storage-opcodes/553Co-authored-by: Sara Reynolds <snreynolds2506@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

closes #26188

rpc: fix connection tracking in Server

When upgrading to mapset/v2 with generics, the set element type used in
rpc.Server had to be changed to *ServerCodec because ServerCodec is not
'comparable'. While the distinction is technically correct, we know all
possible ServerCodec types, and all of them are comparable. So just use
a map instead.

It seems there is no fully typed library implementation of an LRU cache.
So I wrote one. Method names are the same as github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru,
and the new type can be used as a drop-in replacement.

Two reasons to do this:

- It's much easier to understand what a cache is for when the types are right there.
- Performance: the new implementation is slightly faster and performs zero memory
   allocations in Add when the cache is at capacity. Overall, memory usage of the cache
   is much reduced because keys are values are no longer wrapped in interface.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR changes the pending tx subscription to return RPCTransaction types instead of normal Transaction objects. This will fix the inconsistencies with other tx returning API methods (i.e. getTransactionByHash), and also fill in the sender value for the tx.

co-authored by @s1na