This PR adds db tooling (geth db check-state-content)  to verify the integrity of trie nodes. It iterates through the 32-byte key space in the database, which is expected to contain RLP-encoded trie nodes, addressed by hash.

* eth/catalyst: set the correct LatestValidHash

* eth/catalyst: core: return LVH during reorg, rework invalid teminal block

* eth/catalyst: nitpicks

* eth/protocols/snap: don't include empty snapshot slot slice

This PR fixes the snapshot storage serving handler. In snap protocol
the response is capped by the response size. Server can cutdown the
response if the accumulated byte size exceeds the local hard limit.

It means we can meet a special scenario that there is no storage slot
included for a requested account, but we attach the proof for this
account by mistake.

So in the prover side, when it meets a empty storage response but with
a valid proof proves there are some more slots left in the trie, then
requestor will reject this response and disconnect with server.

In this PR, if there is no storage slot served for the requested account,
then no proof should be attached as well.

* eth/protocols/snap: loosen restrictions for flaky tests

* eth/catalyst: fix flaky test in catalyst

* core/vm: reduce footprint of OP benchmark

* core/vm: for opBenchmark, add code to detect inputs mutation

* Update core/vm/instructions_test.go
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* core/vm: opBenchmark, stop timer before sanity-test code
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

cmd/utils: add deprecation warning for Rinkeby

Adds a method to retrieve all the binary encoded receipts from a block

* core/vm: remove unnecessary memset for Memory.Set32

* core/vm: optimize Memory.Set32

* adding peer count function

* Update ethclient.go
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Co-authored-by: nedifi <nedifi@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* sort snap trienode heal requests

* eth/protocols/snap: remove debug code

* eth/protocols/snap: simplify sort, generate pathsets later

* eth/protocols/snap: review concern

* eth/protocols/snap: renamings

* eth/protocols/snap: add comments in Merge

* eth/protocols/snap: remove variable 'last' in Merge

* eth/protocols/snap: fix lint flaws in test
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Fixes three race conditions found through fuzzing by David Theodore

This PR fixes abi checks in the edge case where all arguments are indexed

* eth/fetcher: fix test to avoid hanging. Partial fix for #23331

* eth/filters: avoid dangling goroutines

* eth/fetcher: revert closing of proceed

* core/vm: Implement PUSH0

* Move PUSH0 to enable3855

* Add method doc

Previously freezer has only been used for storing ancient chain data, while obviously it can be used more. This PR unties the chain data and freezer, keep the minimal freezer structure and move all other logic (like incrementally freezing block data) into a separate structure called ChainFreezer.

This PR also extends the database interface by adding a new ancient store function AncientDatadir which can return the root directory of ancient store. The ancient root directory can be used when we want to open some other ancient-stores (e.g. reverse diff freezer).

During mining, when a new head arrives and interrupts the block building, the block being built should not be commited (but discarded). Committing the interrupted block introduces unnecessary delay, and possibly causes miner to mine on the previous head, which could result in higher uncle rate.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

The loop label can be removed because this 'continue' statement
is not in a nested loop.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* core: recover the state in SetChainHead if the head state is missing

* core: disable test logging

* core: address comment from martin

* core: improve log level in case state is recovered

* core, eth, les, light: rename SetChainHead to SetCanonical

cmd, eth: fix required blocks regression

build: ppa build for jammy (ubuntu 22.04)