Follow-up to PR #25523 to cleanup all relevant tests.

See: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-4399.md

>  This EIP supplants the semantics of the return value of existing DIFFICULTY (0x44) opcode and renames the opcode to PREVRANDAO (0x44).

trie: check childrens' existence concurrently for snap heal

All fields related to gas must be represented as uint64. Depth is
internally tracked as int, so it makes sense to also store it as int.

The JSON-RPC spec requires the "version" field to be exactly "2.0",
so we should verify that. This change is not backwards-compatible with
sloppy client implementations, but I decided to go ahead with it anyway
because the failure will be caught via the returned error. 

This adds a generic mechanism for 'dial options' in the RPC client,
and also implements a specific dial option for the JWT authentication
mechanism used by the engine API. Some real tests for the server-side
authentication handling are also added.
Co-authored-by: Joshua Gutow <jgutow@optimism.io>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

For some reason, an accessor method for this field exists in JS, but
the value was never actually assigned.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This fixes a regression introduced in PR #25459.

eth/protocols/snap: fix problems due to idle-but-busy peers

eth/catalyst: prevent diff by zero

It's a trivial PR to hide the error log when the trie node is not found in the database. The idea for this change is for all TryXXX functions, the error is already returned and we don't need to fire a log explicitly.

Recently there are a few tickets #25613 #25589 reporting that the trie nodes are missing because of debug.SetHead. The root cause is after resetting, the chain rewinds to a historical point and re-imports the blocks on top.

Since the node is already synced and started to accept transactions previously, these transactions are still kept in the txpool and verified by txpool with a live state. This live state is constructed based on the live trie database, which is changed fast by node referencing and de-referencing.

Unfortunately, when we construct a live state(like the state in txpool), we don't reference the state we have. The blockchain will garbage collect the intermediate version nodes in another thread which leads the broken live state.

The best solution for this is to forcibly obtain a reference for all live states we create and call release function once it's used up. But it might end up with more junks persisted into disk. Will try to find an elegant solution later in the following PR.

* graphql: fix tx logs

* minor

* Use optimized search for selecting tx logs

* eth/catalyst: adjust eta for themerge

* squash

* squash

* eth/catalyst: address review concerns

* all: move genesis initialization to blockchain

* core: add one more check

* core: fix tests

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Signed-off-by: Abirdcfly <fp544037857@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Abirdcfly <fp544037857@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

Some small fixes to get the existing debug methods to conform to the spec. Mainly dropping the encoding information from the method name as it should be deduced from the debug context and allowing the method to be invoked by either block number or block hash. It also adds the method debug_getTransaction which returns the raw tx bytes by tx hash. This is pretty much equivalent to the eth_getRawTransactionByHash method.

consensus/beacon: don't ignore errors

core/state, trie: fix trie flush order for proper pruning