* core/vm: implement EIP 2315, subroutines for the EVM

* core/vm: eip 2315 - lintfix + check jump dest validity + check ret stack size constraints

  logger: markdown-friendly traces, validate jumpdest, more testcase, correct opcodes

* core/vm: update subroutines acc to eip: disallow walk-into

* core/vm/eips: gas cost changes for subroutines

* core/vm: update opcodes for EIP-2315

* core/vm: define RETURNSUB as a 'jumping' operation + review concerns
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* all: seperate consensus error and evm internal error

There are actually two types of error will be returned when
a tranaction/message call is executed: (a) consensus error
(b) evm internal error. The former should be converted to
a consensus issue, e.g. The sender doesn't enough asset to
purchase the gas it specifies. The latter is allowed since
evm itself is a blackbox and internal error is allowed to happen.

This PR emphasizes the difference by introducing a executionResult
structure. The evm error is embedded inside. So if any error
returned, it indicates consensus issue happens.

And also this PR improve the `EstimateGas` API to return the concrete
revert reason if the transaction always fails

* all: polish

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: add tests

* accounts/abi/bind/backends, internal: cleanup error message

* all: address comments

* core: fix lint

* accounts, core, eth, internal: address comments

* accounts, internal: resolve revert reason if possible

* accounts, internal: address comments

- Define an Interpreter interface
- One contract can call contracts from other interpreter types.
- Pass the interpreter to the operands instead of the evm.
  This is meant to prevent type assertions in operands.

* core/vm: clear linter warnings

* core/vm: review input

* core/vm.go: revert lint in noop as per request

The run loop, which previously contained custom opcode executes have been
removed and has been simplified to a few checks.

Each operation consists of 4 elements: execution function, gas cost function,
stack validation function and memory size function. The execution function
implements the operation's runtime behaviour, the gas cost function implements
the operation gas costs function and greatly depends on the memory and stack,
the stack validation function validates the stack and makes sure that enough
items can be popped off and pushed on and the memory size function calculates
the memory required for the operation and returns it.

This commit also allows the EVM to go unmetered. This is helpful for offline
operations such as contract calls.

Environment is now a struct (not an interface). This
reduces a lot of tech-debt throughout the codebase where a virtual
machine environment had to be implemented in order to test or run it.

The new environment is suitable to be used en the json tests, core
consensus and light client.

that specifies the maximum number of elements in the `structLogs`
output.  This option is useful for debugging a transaction that
involves a large number of repetition.

For example,
```
debug.traceTransaction(tx, {disableStorage: true, limit: 2})
```
shows at most the first two steps in the `structLogs`.

* change gas cost for contract creating txs
* invalidate signature with s value greater than secp256k1 N / 2
* OOG contract creation if not enough gas to store code
* new difficulty adjustment algorithm
* new DELEGATECALL op code

I forgot to update one instance of "go-ethereum" in commit 3f047be5.

All code outside of cmd/ is licensed as LGPL. The headers
now reflect this by calling the whole work "the go-ethereum library".

Removed VM errors from the consensus errors. They now used for output
only.

* Add params package with exported variables generated from
  github.com/ethereum/common/blob/master/params.json
* Use params package variables in applicable places
* Add check for minimum gas limit in validation of block's gas limit
* Remove common/params.json from go-ethereum to avoid
  outdated version of it