Fixes #24124

SyncProgress was modified in PR #23576 to add the fields reported for
snap sync. The PR also changed ethclient to use the SyncProgress struct
directly instead of wrapping it for hex-decoding. This broke the
SyncProgress method.

Fix it by putting back the custom wrapper. While here, also put back the
fast sync related fields because SyncProgress is stable API and thus
removing fields is not allowed.

Fixes #24180
Fixes #24176

Fixes #24167

New behaviour is that the endpoint returns results only for available
blocks without returning an error when it doesn't find a block. Note we
skip any block after a non-existent block.

This adds a header fetch for every block in range (even if header
is not needed). Alternatively, we could do the check in every field's
resolver method to avoid this overhead.

Fixes #24159
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Change two instances of the word `calulcated` to `calculated`.

mispelled words in comments: th enext

This orders the items in slice definition same as the enum values.

This reverts commit 94898533.

Fixes #22580
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* core/vm: Define 0xfe opcode as INVALID

* core/vm: Remove opInvalid as opUndefined handles it
Co-authored-by: Alex Beregszaszi <alex@rtfs.hu>

* core/vm: reverse bit order in bytes of code bitmap

This bit order is more natural for bit manipulation operations and we
can eliminate some small number of CPU instructions.

* core/vm: drop lookup table

The "t" key overrides the log message time in JSON output.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Fixes #23848

* consensus: use the maxGasLimit constant to check the header.GasLimit to avoid creating new variables repeatedly

* consensus: check the header.GasLimit by the public constant MaxGasLimit

* consensus: check the header.GasLimit by the constant MaxGasLimit

Previously, Ctrl-C (SIGINT) was ignored during JS execution, so it was not
possible to get out of infinite loops in the console. With this change,
Ctrl-C now interrupts JS.

Fixes #23344
Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <itz.s1na@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR reduces the amount of work we do when answering header queries, e.g. when a peer
is syncing from us.

For some items, e.g block bodies, when we read the rlp-data from database, we plug it
directly into the response package. We didn't do that for headers, but instead read
headers-rlp, decode to types.Header, and re-encode to rlp. This PR changes that to keep it
in RLP-form as much as possible. When a node is syncing from us, it typically requests 192
contiguous headers. On master it has the following effect:

- For headers not in ancient: 2 db lookups. One for translating hash->number (even though
  the request is by number), and another for reading by hash (this latter one is sometimes
  cached).
  
- For headers in ancient: 1 file lookup/syscall for translating hash->number (even though
  the request is by number), and another for reading the header itself. After this, it
  also performes a hashing of the header, to ensure that the hash is what it expected. In
  this PR, I instead move the logic for "give me a sequence of blocks" into the lower
  layers, where the database can determine how and what to read from leveldb and/or
  ancients.

There are basically four types of requests; three of them are improved this way. The
fourth, by hash going backwards, is more tricky to optimize. However, since we know that
the gap is 0, we can look up by the parentHash, and stlil shave off all the number->hash
lookups.

The gapped collection can be optimized similarly, as a follow-up, at least in three out of
four cases.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

core/vm: remove no-recursion option from config

This PR fixes a special corner case in transaction indexing.

When the chain is rewound by SetHead to a historical point which is even lower than the transaction indexes tail, then system will report Failed to decode block body error all the time, because the relevant blocks are already deleted.

In order to avoid this "non-critical-but-annoying" issue, we can recap the indexing target to head+1(to is excluded, so it means indexing transactions from 0 to head).

Fixes #23972

This PR implements the new kintsugi specification which can be found here: https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/v1.0.0-alpha.4/src/engine/specification.md

Previous link leads to incorrect (more recent) version of web3.js docs.

go-ethereum uses v0.20.1. The docs for 0.2x.x have been archived at this Github link.

core, eth, les, trie: remove the sync bloom, used by fast sync