One difference between pebble and leveldb is that the latter returns error when performing Get on a closed database, the former does a panic. This may be triggered during shutdown (see #27237)

This PR changes the pebble driver so we check that the db is not closed already, for several operations. It also adds tests to the db test-suite, so the previously implicit assumption of "not panic:ing at ops on closed database" is covered by tests.

* beacon/types: add beacon chain data types

* beacon/merkle: added comments

* go.mod: cleanups

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Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

This changes the RPC server to ignore methods using *context.Context as parameter
and *error as return value type. Methods with such types would crash the server when
called.

This change implements returning the address as EIP-55 encoded when creating a new account.

This PR adds a staleness-check to AccountRLP, before checking the bloom-filter and potentially going directly into the disklayer.

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Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* tests/fuzzers/bn256: scale gnark result by constant

* tests/fuzzers/bn256: scale gnark result by constant

rpc: the default dialer for websocket should respect the proxy environment variables like "HTTP_PROXY"

Upgrade c-kzg-4844 to v0.2.0

* EstimateGas should use LatestBlockNumber by default

* graphql: default to use latest for gas estimation

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

ethdb:init map with known size

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>

* cryto/kzg4844: pull in the C and Go libs for KZG cryptography

* go.mod: pull in the KZG libraries

* crypto/kzg4844: add basic becnhmarks for ballpark numbers

* cmd, crypto: integrate both CKZG and GoKZG all the time, add flag

* cmd/utils, crypto/kzg4844: run library init on startup

* crypto/kzg4844: make linter happy

* crypto/kzg4844: push missing file

* crypto/kzg4844: fully disable CKZG but leave in the sources

* build, crypto/kzg4844, internal: link CKZG by default and with portable mode

* crypto/kzg4844: drop verifying the trusted setup in gokzg

* internal/build: yolo until it works?

* cmd/utils: make flag description friendlier
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* crypto/ckzg: no need for double availability check

* build: tiny flag cleanup nitpick

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

event: initialize maps with known size

When block import fails, the error displays the number of the first block past the import batch, not the number of the failing block. This change fixes this problem by identifying which blocks fails and reporting its number.

* miner : initialize maps with known size

* miner:some reverts

* all: port boring changes from pbss

* core, trie: address comments from martin

* trie: minor fixes

* core/rawdb: update comment

* core, eth, tests, trie: address comments

* tests, trie: add extra check when update trie database

* trie/triedb/hashdb: degrade the error to warning

* log/format.go : invalid string cast fix

* log: some polish

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

rename parameter

In this case, the naming of "extapi" might create some confusion. Although it represents an External Signer Backend, its name could be mistaken for an API. In reality, it is a backend instance used for communicating with external signers. A better naming choice could be "extBackend" or "externalBackend" to more accurately describe that it is a backend instance rather than an API.

* core/state : fix map size avoid resizing

* core/state : fixed size

This PR modifies the interface for the results of `debug_traceBlock` and `debug_traceCall` by adding the `txHash`, allowing users to identify which transaction's trace result corresponds to. 

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

rpc: use atomic type

* all: remove ethash pow, only retain shims needed for consensus and tests

* all: thank you linter

* all: disallow launching Geth in legacy PoW mode

* cmd/env/internal/t8ntool: remove dangling ethash flag

This adds logic to prepend 'M' or 'E' to Solidity identifiers when they would
otherwise violate Go identifier naming rules.

Closes #26972

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <itz.s1na@gmail.com>