Makes use of atomic.Uint64 instead of atomic by pointer

* api: Use 0700 file permissions for ExportChain

* change perm to 0644

* Update api.go

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This adds built-in support in package rlp for encoding, decoding and generating code dealing with uint256.Int.

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

 Increases the time between consensus updates that we give the CL before we start warning the user. 

Makes clear the distinction between Finalize and FinalizedAndAssemble:

- In Finalize function, a series of state operations are applied according to consensus rules. The statedb is mutated and the root hash can be checked and compared afterwards.

This function should be used in block processing(receive afrom network and apply it locally) but not block generation.

- In FinalizeAndAssemble function, after applying state mutations, the block is also to be assembled with the latest
  state root computed, updating the header. 

 This function should be used in block generation only.

When a database failure occurs, bubble it up a into statedb, and report it in suitable places, such as during a 'bad block' report.

Not sure why this was removed, it's pretty useful to see the version
also in --help.

This increases the maximum allowed message size to 32MB.

Originally submitted at https://github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/pull/2739

example block failure: https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1317d973a55cedf9b0f2df6ea48e8077dd176f5444a3423368a46d6e4db89982#internal

Co-authored-by: Stephen Flynn <stephen.flynn@gapac.com>

This makes it possible to run another protocol alongside discv5, by reading 
unhandled packets from the channel.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Minor refactor to use the 'intended' accessor

* core: refactor code

* core: drop it from this anonymous goroutine func

it should be constantinople rather than contantinople

add muir glacier to t8n

This adds two new rules to the transaction pool:

- A future transaction can not evict a pending transaction.
- A transaction can not overspend available funds of a sender.

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Co-authored-by: dwn1998 <42262393+dwn1998@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Since forks are now scheduled by block time, it can be necessary
to check the timestamp of a block while generating transactions.

Update server.go

Here, the core.Message interface turns into a plain struct and
types.Message gets removed.

This is a breaking change to packages core and core/types. While we do
not promise API stability for package core, we do for core/types. An
exception can be made for types.Message, since it doesn't have any
purpose apart from invoking the state transition in package core.
types.Message was also marked deprecated by the same commit it
got added in, 4dca5d4d (November 2016).

The core.Message interface was added in December 2014, in commit
db494170, for the purpose of 'testing' state transitions. It's the
same change that made transaction struct fields private. Before that,
the state transition used *types.Transaction directly.

Over time, multiple implementations of the interface accrued across
different packages, since constructing a Message is required whenever
one wants to invoke the state transition. These implementations all
looked very similar, a struct with private fields exposing the fields
as accessor methods.

By changing Message into a struct with public fields we can remove all
these useless interface implementations. It will also hopefully
simplify future changes to the type with less updates to apply across
all of go-ethereum when a field is added to Message.

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This changes the test to match the comment description. Using timestampedConfig in this test case is incorrect, the comment says 'local is at Gray Glacier' and isn't aware of more forks.

fixes eip 220 ->  2200

reverts #26021, to use the upstream bigint instead.

Accept all primitive types in Solidity for EIP-712 from intN, uintN, intN[], uintN[] for N as 0 to 256 in multiples of 8

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This change prints out more information about the problem, in the case where geth detects a gap between leveldb and ancients, so we can determine more exactly where the gap is (what the first missing is). Also prints out more metadata. 

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This ensures the "withdrawals" field will always be present in responses
to getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1 and getPayloadBodiesByHashV1.

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR mitigates an issue with Ledger's on-device RLP deserialization, see
https://github.com/LedgerHQ/app-ethereum/issues/409

Ledger's RLP deserialization code does not validate the length of the RLP list received,
and it may prematurely enter the signing flow when a APDU chunk boundary falls immediately
before the EIP-155 chain_id when deserializing a transaction. Since the chain_id is
uninitialized, it is 0 during this signing flow. This may cause the user to accidentally
sign the transaction with chain_id = 0. That signature would be returned from the device 1
packet earlier than expected by the communication loop. The device blocks the
second-to-last packet waiting for the signer flow, and then errors on the successive
packet (which contains the chain_id, zeroed r, and zeroed s)

Since the signature's early arrival causes successive errors during the communication
process, geth does not parse the improper signature produced by the device, and therefore
no improperly-signed transaction can be created. User funds are not at risk.

We mitigate by selecting the highest chunk size that leaves at least 4 bytes in the
final chunk.

Fixes #26073