This PR improves and extends the tests a bit

Use noopTracer as a base for other native tracers to avoid extra boilerplate for unimplemented hooks.

This adds a way to specify HTTP headers per request.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Implements TSTORE and TLOAD as specified by the following EIP:

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1153
https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-1153-transient-storage-opcodes/553Co-authored-by: Sara Reynolds <snreynolds2506@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

closes #26188

rpc: fix connection tracking in Server

When upgrading to mapset/v2 with generics, the set element type used in
rpc.Server had to be changed to *ServerCodec because ServerCodec is not
'comparable'. While the distinction is technically correct, we know all
possible ServerCodec types, and all of them are comparable. So just use
a map instead.

It seems there is no fully typed library implementation of an LRU cache.
So I wrote one. Method names are the same as github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru,
and the new type can be used as a drop-in replacement.

Two reasons to do this:

- It's much easier to understand what a cache is for when the types are right there.
- Performance: the new implementation is slightly faster and performs zero memory
   allocations in Add when the cache is at capacity. Overall, memory usage of the cache
   is much reduced because keys are values are no longer wrapped in interface.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This PR changes the pending tx subscription to return RPCTransaction types instead of normal Transaction objects. This will fix the inconsistencies with other tx returning API methods (i.e. getTransactionByHash), and also fill in the sender value for the tx.

co-authored by @s1na 

This fixes a problem in the SizeConstrainedLRU. The SCLRU uses an underlying simple lru which is not thread safe.
During the Get operation, the recentness of the accessed item is updated, so it is not a pure read-operation. Therefore, the mutex we need is a full mutex, not RLock.

This PR changes the mutex to be a regular Mutex, instead of RWMutex, so a reviewer can at a glance see that all affected locations are fixed.

* eth/catalyst: fix time-dependent (flaky) test

* eth: increase timeout on TestTransactionPropagation

This changes how we read performance metrics from the Go runtime. Instead
of using runtime.ReadMemStats, we now rely on the API provided by package
runtime/metrics.

runtime/metrics provides more accurate information. For example, the new
interface has better reporting of memory use. In my testing, the reported
value of held memory more accurately reflects the usage reported by the OS.

The semantics of metrics system/memory/allocs and system/memory/frees have
changed to report amounts in bytes. ReadMemStats only reported the count of
allocations in number-of-objects. This is imprecise: 'tiny objects' are not
counted because the runtime allocates them in batches; and certain
improvements in allocation behavior, such as struct size optimizations,
will be less visible when the number of allocs doesn't change.

Changing allocation reports to be in bytes makes it appear in graphs that
lots more is being allocated. I don't think that's a problem because this
metric is primarily interesting for geth developers.

The metric system/memory/pauses has been changed to report statistical
values from the histogram provided by the runtime. Its name in influxdb has
changed from geth.system/memory/pauses.meter to
geth.system/memory/pauses.histogram.

We also have a new histogram metric, system/cpu/schedlatency, reporting the
Go scheduler latency.

This will allow use of generics and other new standard library APIs
such as package net/netip.

This adds an option to direct log output to a file. This feature has been
requested a lot. It's sometimes useful to have this available when running
geth in an environment that doesn't easily allow redirecting the output.

Notably, there is no support for log rotation with this change. The --log.file option
opens the file once on startup and then keeps writing to the file handle. 
This can become an issue when external log rotation tools are involved, so it's
best not to use them with this option for now.

This PR fixes a subtle bug in t8n. After this PR, t8n behaves like our state-test runner in certain pre-EIP-158 scenarios

This PR replaces fastcache with a pretty simple LRU which does not require explicit closing.

When the interpreter is configured to use extra-eips, this change makes it so that all the opcodes are deep-copied, to prevent accidental modification of the 'base' jumptable. 

Closes: #26136
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

PR #26082 added account listing to OnSignerStartup but did not consider the case where a user has a large number of accounts which would be annoying to display.

This PR updates showAccounts() so that if there are more than 20 accounts available the user sees the first 20 displayed in the console followed by: First 20 accounts listed (N more available).
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This PR adds a 60 second timeout to graphql queries.

This adds new commands to turn a node key file into signed ENR / node ID.

Many of the other types have a function to convert the type to a big.Int,
but Address was missing this function.

It is useful to be able to turn an Address into a big.Int when doing
EVM-like computations natively in Go. Sometimes a Solidity address
type is casted to a uint256 and having a Big method on the Address
type makes this easy.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* eth/tracers: add native multiplexing tracer

* minor improv callTracer

* mv evm cancellation to api

This fixes a race in the test.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Instead of using a limit of three nodes per message, we can pack more nodes
into each message based on ENR size. In my testing, this halves the number
of sent NODES messages, because ENR size is usually < 300 bytes.

This also adds RLP helper functions that compute the encoded size of
[]byte and string.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Reports accounts known to Clef during startup, after master seed is provided by the user.

This PR now also includes a fix to the problem of mult-routines building blocks on the same input. This PR works as before with regards to stopping the work, but it just will not spin up a second routine if one is already building. So if the CL does N calls to FCU+buildblock, and N calls to GetPayload, only the first of each will do something, the other calls will be mostly no-ops.

This PR also adds printout of the payload id into the logs. 

* abi: Format data as hex-string instead of string(data)

* Update accounts/abi/abi.go
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This adds a subcommand that imports a raw secp256k1 key
into the keystore managed by clef.

If GasFeeCap and GasTipCap are specified, we don't need to retrieve the head block for constructing a transaction

* apitypes: synchronize handling of types

* signer/core/apitypes: improve array check

* apitypes: add a test for big.Int -> int32

* signer/core/apitypes: Add a test for parsing addresses from [20]byte, []byte and string

* signer/core/apitypes: add some testcases
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This PR changes geth to read the eip1559 params from the chain config instead of the globals.

This way the parameters may be changed by forking the chain config code, without creating a large diff throughout the past and future usages of the parameters.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* miner: add logs for displaying fees change

* miner: simplify feesInEther calculation

* miner: fix lock

* miner: change to default recommit to 2 seconds