* eth/catalyst: disable heartbeat for simulated beacon node
Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>

* eth/catalyst: update

* eth/catalyst: disable heartbeat for tester

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Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

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Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Adds an option to disable fsync for database operations.
This is to make tests faster.

account/abi: conver if-else-if chain to tagged switch

eth/catalyst: only enable full payload in dev mode

graphql: fix the panic of nil timer.Stop
Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>

We're trying a new named pipe library, which should hopefully fix some occasional failures in CI.

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Fixes an error in tests of internal/ethapi.

The PR #26274 broke the evm statetest command a bit, in that it stopped spitting out the stateroot following a non-successful statetest-execution. 

This PR changes it back, so the stateroot is unconditionally output on stderr, and makes it so fuzzing works again.

This change implements "EIP 4788 : Beacon block root in the EVM". It implements version-2 of EPI-4788, main difference being that the contract is an actual contract rather than a precompile, as in #27289.

build: update to go 1.21

* typo: reply -> replay

* rebuild

Currently, we trigger the logic to (un)index transactions when the node receives a new
block. However, in some cases the node may not receive new blocks (eg, when the Geth node
is configured without peer discovery, or when it acts as an RPC node for historical-only
data).

In these situations, the Geth node user may not have previously configured txlookuplimit
(i.e. the default of around one year), but later realizes they need to index all
historical blocks. However, adding txlookuplimit=0 and restarting geth has no effect. This
change makes it check for required indexing work once, on startup, to fix the issue.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Optimizations:

- Previously, if a transaction was reverting, EstimateGas would exhibit worst-case behavior and binary search up to the max gas limit (~40 state-clone + tx executions). This change allows EstimateGas to return after only a single unconstrained execution in this scenario.
- Uses the gas used from the unconstrained execution to bias the remaining binary search towards the likely solution in a simple way that doesn't impact the worst case. For a typical contract-invoking transaction, this reduces the median number of state-clone+executions from 25 to 18 (28% reduction).

Cleanup:

- added & improved function + code comments
- correct the EstimateGas documentation to clarify the gas limit determination is at latest block, not pending, if the blockNr is unspecified.

ReadSkeletonHeader can return nil if the header is missing, so we should
not access fields on it. Note that calling .Hash() on a nil header is fine, so there 
is no need to actually check for nil.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This change fixes the a potential race by using mutexes when the m.cache is read or modified.

This changes the forkID calculation to ignore time-based forks that occurred before the
genesis block. It's supposed to be done this way because the spec says:

> If a chain is configured to start with a non-Frontier ruleset already in its genesis, that is NOT considered a fork.

FromBig returns true *when overflow occurs*