This adds the ability to run --state.fork=Merged, and have post-merge rules apply. When doing so, it also requires the input env to contain currentRandom, and enforces the currentDifficulty to be omitted or zero.

This PR fixes up the example python clef wrapper. The poc is intended to demonstrate how to wite a UI for clef, and had severely bitrotted.
With these changes, it "works" in the sense that all the built-in tests triggers the intended python callbacks (no errors about method not found). It does not "work" in the sense that the wrapper can be used as an actual UI. It will auto-reject any signing requests, for example.

Storage proofs were being unmarshalled from the RPC form to the go struct, but were not being included in the final returned struct.

* cmd/utils: utilize beacon wrapper in makechain

* cmd/utils: fix fake-pow to also be wrapped in beacon

* consensus/misc: correct error message

Adds `debug_dbGet` method to rpc api

This PR fixes the flaw that @rjl493456442 found in https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/#issuecomment-1093817551 , namely, that the snapshot iterator uses the combined (disk + difflayers) 'view', wheres the raw iterator uses only the disk 'view'.

This PR instead splits up the work: one phase is iterating the disk layer data, another phase is loading the journalled difflayers and performing the same check there.

It was 'int' accidentally, should be DiscReason instead.

* cmd/evm: ensure input length is even

* cmd/evm: minor nit + lintfix
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This change removes extraneous/unnecessary checks for equality
when comparing 2 accessList values A and B. Given that we validate that
their lengths of A and B are equal, if so and if every element in A is
in B, reflexively every element in B is already in A. If that weren't
the case and an element g existed in A but not in B, that would mean
that there is an extra element and hence a mathematical contradiction.

Fixes #24658

synchornization -> synchronization

Was just browsing the code and found this.

See ethereum/go-ethereum#24554 and btcsuite/btcd#1839

This is an attempt to resolve a Go module dependency issue that arises
when both 'github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec/v2' and the older, non-v2
btcd module are required as dependencies.

* eth/downlaoder: resolve local header by hash for beacon sync

* eth/downloader: fix error message

* eth/downloader: cap the reverse header resolving

* eth/downloader: re-enable tests

* eth/downloader: add warning logs

* build: upgrade -dlgo version to Go 1.18.1

* build: upgrade -dlgo version for macOS to Go 1.18.1

* eth/downloader: remove stale beacon headers as backfilling progresses

* eth/downloader: remove leftover from a previous design

* eth/downloader: do partial beacon cleanups if chain is large

* eth/downloader: linter != heart

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This adds a tools.go file to import all command packages used for
go:generate. Doing so makes it possible to execute go-based code
generators using 'go run', locking in the tool version using go.mod.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

If a pending contract call errors, return that error right away rather
than ignoring it to allow an error somewhere else. This is helpful for
callers to know if perhaps a call failed because of the context deadline
being expired. This change mirrors the behavior of non-pending contract
calls.

This PR fixes a few panics in the chain marker benchmarks. The root
cause for panic is in chain marker the genesis header/block is not
accessible, while it's expected to be obtained in tests. So this PR
avoids touching genesis header at all to avoid panic.

* cmd: set DefaultGasLimit to 30M, rem deprec. Flag

* cmd: revert flag deprecation

"miner" is not set for pending block responses in some cases.

Fixes #24632

This modifies the order of Lock() defer Unlock() to follow the more
typically used pattern.

This commit replaces ioutil.TempDir with t.TempDir in tests. The
directory created by t.TempDir is automatically removed when the test
and all its subtests complete.

Prior to this commit, temporary directory created using ioutil.TempDir
had to be removed manually by calling os.RemoveAll, which is omitted in
some tests. The error handling boilerplate e.g.

	defer func() {
		if err := os.RemoveAll(dir); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

is also tedious, but t.TempDir handles this for us nicely.

Reference: https://pkg.go.dev/testing#T.TempDirSigned-off-by: Eng Zer Jun <engzerjun@gmail.com>

Closes #24571