This PR mitigates an issue with Ledger's on-device RLP deserialization, see
https://github.com/LedgerHQ/app-ethereum/issues/409

Ledger's RLP deserialization code does not validate the length of the RLP list received,
and it may prematurely enter the signing flow when a APDU chunk boundary falls immediately
before the EIP-155 chain_id when deserializing a transaction. Since the chain_id is
uninitialized, it is 0 during this signing flow. This may cause the user to accidentally
sign the transaction with chain_id = 0. That signature would be returned from the device 1
packet earlier than expected by the communication loop. The device blocks the
second-to-last packet waiting for the signer flow, and then errors on the successive
packet (which contains the chain_id, zeroed r, and zeroed s)

Since the signature's early arrival causes successive errors during the communication
process, geth does not parse the improper signature produced by the device, and therefore
no improperly-signed transaction can be created. User funds are not at risk.

We mitigate by selecting the highest chunk size that leaves at least 4 bytes in the
final chunk.

Fixes #26073

Fixes a minor error in the testdata

Checks that Transaction.MarshalJSON and newRPCTransaction JSON output can be parsed by Transaction.UnmarshalJSON

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Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This change fixes a flaw where, in certain scenarios, the block sealer did not accurately reset the remaining gas after failing to include an invalid transaction. Fixes #26791

This fixes a regression introduced by #26723.
Fixes #26816.

This PR changes metrics collection to actually measure the time interval between collections, rather
than assume 3 seconds. I did some ad hoc profiling, and on slower hardware (eg, my Raspberry Pi 4)
I routinely saw intervals between 3.3 - 3.5 seconds, with some being as high as 4.5 seconds. This
will generally cause the CPU gauge readings to be too high, and in some cases can cause impossibly
large values for the CPU load metrics (eg. greater than 400 for a 4 core CPU).

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Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Fixes a race in TestNewPayloadOnInvalidTerminalBlock where setting the TTD raced with
the miner. Solution: set the TTD on the blockchain config not the genesis config.

Also fixes a race in CopyHeader which resulted in race reports all over the place.

This change adds a struct field EffectiveGasPrice in types.Receipt. The field is present
in RPC responses, but not in the Go struct, and thus can't easily be accessed via ethclient.
Co-authored-by: PulsarAI <dev@pulsar-systems.fi>

* core: params: schedule Shanghai on goerli

* core/forkid: fix comment

* include withdrawals in ethclient responses

* omit empty withdrawals array in json serialization

* ethdb/pebble: fix range compaction

* ethdb/pebble: add comment

This fixes an issue where the withdrawal index was not calculated correctly
for multiple withdrawals in a single block.
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

Adds support for a native call tracer with the Parity format, which outputs call frames
in a flat array. This tracer accepts the following options:

- `convertParityErrors: true` will convert error messages to match those of Parity
- `includePrecompiles: true` will report all calls to precompiles. The default
  matches Parity's behavior where CALL and STATICCALLs to precompiles are excluded

Incompatibilities with Parity include:

- Parity removes the result object in case of failure. This behavior is maintained
  with the exception of reverts. Revert output usually contains useful information,
  i.e. Solidity revert reason.
- The `gasUsed` field accounts for intrinsic gas (e.g. 21000 for simple transfers)
  and refunds unlike Parity
- Block rewards are not reported
Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <itz.s1na@gmail.com>

This improves the speed of DHT crawling by using concurrent requests.
It also removes logging of individual DNS updates.

ci: disable coverage reporting in appveyor and travis

Add usage examples

* eth/filters: fix a breaking change and return rpctransaction

* eth/filters: fix test cases

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Co-authored-by: Catror <me@catror.com>

The EmptyRootHash and EmptyCodeHash are defined everywhere in the codebase, this PR replaces all of them with unified one defined in core/types package, and also defines constants for TxRoot, WithdrawalsRoot and UncleRoot

Clarifies the documentation around dumpconfi
Signed-off-by: Sungwoo Kim <git@sung-woo.kim>

This reverts commit 7c749c94.